Eastern states use riparian doctrine (tied to land ownership). Western states use prior appropriation (first in time, first in right). Hybrid states like Texas and California blend both.
1. Identify water sources. 2. Search state water rights database. 3. Verify active status. 4. Assess groundwater conditions. 5. Contact irrigation district.
Missing documentation, junior priority dates, declining well yields, pending adjudication, seasonal flow, contamination.
Irrigated vs dryland spread: 2-5x value difference. Always verify water rights convey with sale.