How to Evaluate Farmland Before You Buy

1. Soil Quality (SSURGO)

Land Capability Class, drainage, pH, organic matter, available water capacity.

2. Water Access (USGS)

Groundwater depth, well yield, aquifer sustainability, pumping costs.

3. Crop History (CropScape)

5-year rotation patterns, crop diversity index, management quality signals.

4. Climate Suitability (NOAA)

Growing degree days, frost-free season, hardiness zone, precipitation.

5. Environmental Risks

FEMA flood zones, NWI wetlands, EPA contamination proximity.

6. Economics (NASS)

County yield benchmarks, cash rent comparables, crop insurance history.